I don't think it matters much if the r1 and r4 are constant or vary, as
long as they are far away from any values sampled in that window. It's
important, as you say, that the umbrella potential is harmonic so the r1
and r4 should be far enough away that the MD during that window does not
encounter regions with the linear potential.
For distances, the rad-->deg factor is not used, but you should always
carefully check the conversion of the force constant between the version
using k(r-r0)^2 and 1/2 k(r-r0)^2.
for example, see this helpful description in the amber archive:
From: Brian Radak <brian.radak.accts.gmail.com
<brian.radak.accts.gmail.com?Subject=Re%3A%20%5BAMBER%5D%20Umbrella%20Sampling%20and%20wham>
>
Date: Sat, 30 May 2015 13:13:37 -0500
Most WHAM programs assume a restraint pre-factor of 1/2. The AMBER
nmropt module, however, does not. Therefore you should multiply most
force constants by 2 in the metafile.
Also, angle and dihedral force constants are specified in
kcal/mol-rad^2, while the WHAM code usually assumes it is in the same
units as the coordinate values (i.e. degrees). Therefore you also need
to convert those force constants to kcal/mol-deg^2.
Cheers,
Brian
On Fri, May 3, 2019 at 11:10 AM Ruth Helena Tichauer <rhtichau.laas.fr>
wrote:
> Dear all,
>
> I’m also a beginner in Umbrella Sampling methods and the WHAM.
>
> Differently from Daniel, I’m using as the reaction coordinate a linear
> combination of distances but as him, I’ve run the various windows changing
> the r1 and r4 values. Thus, I’m strikingly surprised to learn that these
> values should remain constant for all windows although it also sounds
> logic/coherent. Nevertheless, I’m even more surprised given that in the
> tutorial (http://ambermd.org/tutorials/advanced/tutorial17/section2.htm)
> it is stated that WHAM code of Alan Grossfield expects a harmonic potential
> and so, in order to have a perfectly harmonic potential, this values are
> equally distant from the r2=r3 value i.e. if r2=r3=30 and r1=-30, then r4
> is set to r4=90, subsequently, if the next value of r2=r3=40, r1 and r4 are
> updated to r1=-20 and r4=100, and so on..
>
> So now, the two following questions arise for me:
>
> 1. Is the WHAM used in the Amber tutorial (that of Alan Grossfield) still
> valid when the values of r1 and r4 are maintained constant throughout the
> umbrella sampling simulations?
> 2. Concerning the conversion factor for getting the force constant in the
> correct units, can the WHAM be used when using distance reaction
> coordinates, and in particular linear combination of distances, rather than
> some angle or dihedral? I’d like that this point be clarified (again) as
> the conversion factor indicated in the amber tutorial contains a rad -> deg
> factor.
>
> Thank you for any insight on this matter,
>
> Sincerely yours,
>
> Ruth
>
> > On 18 Apr 2019, at 21:35, Zachary Fallon <zachary.fallon.stonybrook.edu>
> wrote:
> >
> >
> > Hi Daniel,
> > Your PMF indeed looks very periodic, which is usually a symptom of
> some
> > underlying problem with your umbrella sampling or WHAM inputs. I have
> > produced similar (incorrect) PMFs with that kind of periodicity in two
> > circumstances, once was when I ran umbrella sampling with varying r1
> and r4
> > values across the different windows. I couldn't tell from your last
> email --
> > do these runs you're showing here use different r1 and r4 values
> across the
> > windows, or did you change them to be constant? And when running WHAM,
> you
> > didn't by chance turn on periodicity?Â
> > The other time I got PMFs like that was when my WHAM inputs were
> wrong. Are
> > your data files separate for each window? Try plotting each window
> > separately. And just in case, when running WHAM each of your windows
> should
> > have its own file containing the distances throughout that window's
> > trajectory, not a single file containing the distances for every
> window.Â
> > Along those lines, is there any chance your metadata file has wrong
> target
> > values or force constants for any windows?
> > Also, try looking at orthogonal degrees of freedom other than the
> distance
> > you're running umbrella sampling on. Maybe take a look at peptide
> end-to-end
> > distances, rmsd to the initial conformation, phi/psi values for a
> specific
> > dihedral, etc. You want to make sure that other orthogonal
> characteristics
> > of your system overlap with adjacent windows, not just the coordinate
> you're
> > running umbrella sampling on. Seems like 5 ns would not be long enough
> to
> > sample a 20-residue peptide at each window, but I lack the context of
> your
> > system.
> > Finally, I'm attaching a Python script below that you can use to plot
> > histograms. It takes as input 60 x-y space-delimited column files, as
> well
> > as a name for your output file.
> > Hope this helps,
> > --Zachary
> >
> > On Thu, Apr 18, 2019 at 2:28 PM Daniel Fernández Remacha
> > <[1]dnlfr1994.gmail.com> wrote:
> >
> > Hi Zachary
> > The peptide is about 20 residues long and we are using an alpha carbon
> of
> > one of the residues of the peptide to separate it from the CoM of
> several
> > alpha carbons in the protein.
> > By the density of the points we are getting with 5ns production, I
> would say
> > that sampling is enough. Let me show you a picture of a small part of
> this
> > umbrella. (XmGrace representation in "segment" setting with Dot width
> of
> > 0.5)
> > image.png
> > What do you think? We guessed from this, that overlap between windows
> and
> > sampling are OK; maybe a bit more sampling would be better, but I
> think this
> > should do. However, I would still like to check histogram overlaying,
> as
> > shown in the tutorial. I am having problems to obtain this plot
> though. Do
> > you know of any script that could do this easily for about 60 windows?
> > Also, this is the PMF that we get with 64 windows. Just in case it
> gives a
> > better idea of what the problem may be.
> > image.png
> > Thank you very much for your help!! Really appreciated!Â
> > Daniel Fernández
> > El mié., 17 abr. 2019 a las 19:22, Zachary Fallon
> > (<[2]zachary.fallon.stonybrook.edu>) escribió:
> >
> > Hi Daniel,
> > I was actually just talking to someone about a system similar to yours
> the
> > other day -- specifically pulling a peptide out of a protein pocket.
> Using
> > umbrella sampling for this is tricky because, if I recall my
> conversation
> > correctly, not only do you have to sample each distance sufficiently,
> but
> > you also have to sample every conformation of the peptide at each
> distance.
> > Depending on the size of your peptide this may be challenging to
> > insurmountable, I believe we concluded that using something like
> accelerated
> > MD might be better for this application, but you may have to consult
> the
> > literature to see what others have done in similar systems. Other
> users can
> > correct me if I am off base here.
> > Regarding starting your next window with the previous one's final rst
> > coordinates, that seems reasonable to me and I believe many people do
> it
> > that way, so you should be safe there. Are you using single atom
> distance
> > restraints, or center of mass distance restraints? CoM would probably
> be
> > preferable in your situation.
> > Finally, regarding your force constant, I believe you have that
> correct. I
> > don't think any conversion is needed if you are calculating
> distances,
> > other than multiplying the force constant by two for WHAM.
> > Hope this helps.
> > Best regards,
> > Zachary Fallon
> >
> > On Wed, Apr 17, 2019 at 6:59 AM Daniel Fernández Remacha
> > <[3]dnlfr1994.gmail.com> wrote:
> >
> > Hi!Â
> > Thank you very much for your answers!!
> > It is our first time in the group using umbrella sampling and WHAM, so
> any
> > idea is absolutely appreciated.Â
> > To give you a little more context of the system, our idea is to
> separate a
> > quite flexible peptide from the protein, from an initial distance of
> about 7
> > angstroms to 20 or so, to achieve a full separation of both molecules.Â
> > For each increment of 0.2, r1 & r4 move 1unit above and below. We used
> this
> > because we thought this way the umbrella potential would be always
> > symmetrical and equal for each window, allowing sampling with the same
> > restrictions, and thus, pulling would not alter too much the structure
> of
> > the protein. It is more restrictive though.
> > However, this needed what I mentioned at the end of my previous mail,
> which
> > makes sense to me but I am not sure if it is correct. Is it right to
> start
> > f.i. the second window (min-equil-prod) from the last prod.rst of the
> > previous one? I suppose this may be unnecessary if y set r1= 1 and r4=
> 90,
> > since the borders always include de starting coordinates.
> > I will try to simulate the umbrella with the conditions you mention and
> > compare the results!
> > Concerning WHAM, the only thing I suspect from is the restraint force.
> The
> > AMBER Advanced Tutorial 17 uses the same force as that used for the
> umbrella
> > and then multiplies by 2 and applies the conversion to degrees^2. Is
> any
> > conversion needed if distance is used instead of an angle? Am I right
> if I
> > say that using rk2=rk3=50 kcal/mol/ang, WHAM needs a force double of
> what I
> > used in AMBER? This is: 100kcal/mol/ang? No conversion needed?
> > Thank you very much again
> > Daniel Fernández
> >
> > El mar., 16 abr. 2019 21:23, Zachary Fallon
> > <[4]zachary.fallon.stonybrook.edu> escribió:
> >
> > Hi Daniel,
> > I only have a little experience with WHAM analysis, so I would wager
> some of
> > the more veteran users can weigh in here if I miss anything.
> > Â Am I understanding you correctly that you varied your r1 and r4
> values
> > across the different windows? If you go back through the list serve
> there is
> > a good amount of discussion on what to set the r1 and r4 values, and
> > I believe they should be constant across all of your windows ( I
> faced
> > similar issues as you when I varied my r1 and r4 across windows ). If
> this
> > is wrong I would love for someone to correct me. Â
> > Additionally it is typically suggested that your r1 and r4 values be
> 'far
> > away' from your r2/r3 values, to ensure your potential is harmonic at
> the
> > sampled values of your defined coordinate. It is common to set r1 =
> 1.0 or
> > 0.0, and r4 to be some very large number (99.0 or 999). Check out the
> Amber
> > list serve archive for more details on how others have done this, like
> this
> > thread:Â [5]http://archive.ambermd.org/200705/0113.html.Â
> > It is possible that having the r1 and r4 values vary across your
> windows, as
> > well as them being so close to your sampled region, is what is causing
> you
> > trouble. Without knowing much else about your system or setup, that is
> where
> > I would look first. Unfortunately that likely means rerunning your
> > simulations.
> > Finally, it is striking that your system requires a minimum of 50
> > kcal/(mol*A^2) to maintain your fixed distances. That is a big energy
> > penalty, and obviously it may make sense in the context of your
> system, but
> > it sticks out to me as unusual -- whatever barrier you are sampling
> must be
> > huge.Â
> > Hope this helps, best of luck!
> > --Zachary Fallon
> >
> > On Sat, Apr 13, 2019 at 9:20 AM Daniel Fernández Remacha
> > <[6]dnlfr1994.gmail.com> wrote:
> >
> > Hi!!
> > I am a student doing a Master Program in Pharmaceutical Chemistry
> and I am
> > writing to get some advice on understanding the results given by WHAM
> > after
> > doing an Umbrella Sampling of a dissociation process in a protein
> (600
> > residues approx.)-peptide interaction.
> > To separate these molecules, a force constant of 50kcal/mol/ang2 (the
> > smallest that can keep the distance reasonably steady) is set, and
> r1 and
> > r4 values fixed at -1 and +1 unit of each r2=r3 value for every (5 ns
> > production) window. The increment of distance separation from window
> to
> > window is 0.2 angstroms.
> > The combination of the MD gives a comprehensive separation movement
> when
> > visualized in VMD and umbrella sampling looks nice since the overlap
> of
> > the
> > simulated windows looks adequate. It is much more full of dots than
> the
> > example of the tutorial.
> > However, I am having difficulties to understand WHAM results.
> > When looking at the result.dat (as it is called in the AMBER advanced
> > tutorial 17) we get the following data.
> > #Coor      Free       +/-     Â
> >  Prob      +/-
> > 7.492857Â Â 0.000000Â Â 0.000089Â Â 0.078953Â Â 0.000015
> > 7.678571Â Â 0.021163Â Â 0.000114Â Â 0.076200Â Â 0.000018
> > 7.864286Â Â 0.048638Â Â 0.000050Â Â 0.072768Â Â 0.000005
> > 8.050000Â Â 0.035474Â Â 0.000201Â Â 0.074392Â Â 0.000012
> > 8.235714Â Â 0.025529Â Â 0.000203Â Â 0.075644Â Â 0.000032
> > 8.421429Â Â 0.074532Â Â 0.000235Â Â 0.069675Â Â 0.000034
> > 8.607143Â Â 0.010492Â Â 0.000132Â Â 0.077576Â Â 0.000021
> > 8.792857Â Â 0.031564Â Â 0.000090Â Â 0.074882Â Â 0.000009
> > 8.978571Â Â 0.138947Â Â 0.000127Â Â 0.062539Â Â 0.000005
> > 9.164286Â Â 0.160852Â Â 0.000055Â Â 0.060283Â Â 0.000007
> > 9.350000Â Â 0.122887Â Â 0.000140Â Â 0.064246Â Â 0.000019
> > 9.535714Â Â 0.063552Â Â 0.000138Â Â 0.070970Â Â 0.000021
> > 9.721429Â Â 0.063538Â Â 0.000176Â Â 0.070971Â Â 0.000025
> > 9.907143Â Â 0.064124Â Â 0.000422Â Â 0.070902Â Â 0.000016
> > #Window    Free  +/-
> > #0Â Â 0.000000Â Â 0.000000
> > #1Â Â 0.000000Â Â 0.000000
> > #2Â Â 0.000000Â Â 0.000000
> > #3Â Â 0.015216Â Â 0.000000
> > #4Â Â 0.000000Â Â 0.000000
> > #5Â Â 0.000000Â Â 0.000000
> > #6Â Â 0.000000Â Â 0.000000
> > #7Â Â 0.000000Â Â 0.000000
> > #8Â Â 0.010285Â Â 0.000000
> > #9Â Â 0.000000Â Â 0.000000
> > #10Â Â 0.000000Â Â 0.000000
> > #11Â Â 0.000000Â Â 0.000000
> > #12Â Â 0.000000Â Â 0.000000
> > #13Â Â 0.034936Â Â 0.000000
> > The main problem comes when looking at the Free energy, which is
> used to
> > see whether the system has converged or not. In the WHAM manual, it
> is
> > mentioned that when this F value is smaller than the specified
> tolerance
> > the system has converged. The tolerance value set for these results
> is
> > 10^-6.
> > Moreover, when doing MonteCarlo Bootstrap analysis to look for
> > similarities
> > with the information given in the manual, we get 3 iterations; very
> > different from the information given in the WHAM manual.
> > I expected the system to be convergent due to a small increment
> value,
> > enough simulation time and good overlapping between windows.
> However, I
> > find strange to see these F values. The files present in the amber
> > tutorial
> > do not show these results ( #Window Free and +/-) and the WHAM
> manual does
> > not give information about the example used so we do not have a solid
> > criterion to understand these results.
> > I would be really grateful if you could help me understand the
> meaning of
> > these results for this system and provide any suggestion to perform a
> > successful umbrella sampling.
> > Thanks in advance,
> > Daniel Fernández
> > PD: We modified the Perl script for minimization, equilibration and
> > production steps and our own script reads coordinates from the end
> of the
> > last production .rst file window performed; and not from the original
> > coordinates as shown in the tutorial. I am not sure if this is
> correct but
> > we thought that this way the system would be less distorted when
> reaching
> > high distance values for separation.
> > _______________________________________________
> > AMBER mailing list
> > [7]AMBER.ambermd.org
> > [8]http://lists.ambermd.org/mailman/listinfo/amber
> >
> > --
> >
> > Zachary Fallon, PhD Candidate
> > Dr. Carlos Simmerling Laboratory
> > The Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology
> > The Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University
> > Stony Brook, New York 11794
> > Phone:Â [9](914) 703-1010Â Email:Â Â [10]
> zachary.fallon.stonybrook.edu
> >
> > --
> >
> > Zachary Fallon, PhD Candidate
> > Dr. Carlos Simmerling Laboratory
> > The Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology
> > The Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University
> > Stony Brook, New York 11794
> > Phone:Â [11](914) 703-1010Â Email:Â Â [12]
> zachary.fallon.stonybrook.edu
> >
> > --
> >
> > Zachary Fallon, PhD Candidate
> > Dr. Carlos Simmerling Laboratory
> > The Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology
> > The Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University
> > Stony Brook, New York 11794
> > Phone:Â [13](914) 703-1010Â Email:Â Â [14]
> zachary.fallon.stonybrook.edu
> >
> > References
> >
> > 1. mailto:dnlfr1994.gmail.com
> > 2. mailto:zachary.fallon.stonybrook.edu
> > 3. mailto:dnlfr1994.gmail.com
> > 4. mailto:zachary.fallon.stonybrook.edu
> > 5. http://archive.ambermd.org/200705/0113.html
> > 6. mailto:dnlfr1994.gmail.com
> > 7. mailto:AMBER.ambermd.org
> > 8. http://lists.ambermd.org/mailman/listinfo/amber
> > 9. tel:(914)+703+1010
> > 10. mailto:zachary.fallon.stonybrook.edu
> > 11. tel:(914)+703+1010
> > 12. mailto:zachary.fallon.stonybrook.edu
> > 13. tel:(914)+703+1010
> > 14. mailto:zachary.fallon.stonybrook.edu
> >
> <image.png><image.png><plot60Hists.py>_______________________________________________
> > AMBER mailing list
> > AMBER.ambermd.org
> > http://lists.ambermd.org/mailman/listinfo/amber
>
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>
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Received on Fri May 03 2019 - 08:30:03 PDT
